Biometrics in Cell Phone

No more mobile phone is mere a communicating device. With development in the mobility, it has become a computing device, a credit card, and a data store house. People are using it for surfing web, carrying out monetary transactions and lots of sensitive data are being stored in the phone, so it is very important to protect the data from unwanted access. Though many data protection applications are available, the consumers are expecting apposite mobile security. Wouldn’t it be good if the mobile devices have biometric security? If, you are also thinking the same way, there is a valid reason of bringing smile on-to your face. Developers are working to incorporate the biometric technology in mobile devices. 

The tech-developers are burning the midnight oil to implement biometric systems in mobile phone. Some of the expected biometric techniques to be incorporated in mobile phones are:

·         Fingerprint recognition

·         Face recognition

·         Iris pattern recognition

·         Voice recognition

Implementation of these techniques along with the existing security arrangement will help users protect the device from unwanted access. Imagine the strength of security when mobile banking transactions will be authorized through biometric recognition as well as using passwords and SMS codes. Such security arrangement will be very relaxing for people who are highly dependent upon cell phones for a variety of purposes including financial management.

It is buzzed that Motorola Atrix will be the first phone to come with finger print technology. A 1cm-wide scanner is fitted to the Motorola Atrix, which will scan the finger of the user. It will require the owner's fingerprint to be scanned before it will allow anyone to access the web, play games or even make a call. Similarly, a phone with face recognition system will require the user to come in front of device’s camera to get unlocked and being used.

Developers are working on the implementation of aforesaid biometric techniques in mobile phones. With successful implementation, high-end security for mobile phones will be achieved.

VoIP (Voice over IP) – Cheap/Free Voice Calls over IP

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a technology for making phone calls over the Internet. VoIP transmits the sounds over the standard Internet infrastructure, using the IP protocol. In VoIP, analog voice is digitized, encoded, packetized, and transmitted as Internet Protocol packet over a packet switched network from the calling side, while from the receiving side IP packet is received, decoded and digital signal is converted to analog signal to reproduce original voice stream. 

Since the inception of VoIP technology during mid 1990s, growing number of people have adopted VoIP telephone system to avoid the pricey phone call. The technology that underlay the foundation of VoIP was initially developed in late 1970s, but it took about 20 years to evolve completely to a telephone system from a mere computer novelty. And now, there are hundreds and thousands of people using the technology every day. 

Advantages:

It has a lot of advantages over the traditional telephonic system. Cost effectiveness is main reason for which people are switching to VoIP technology. 

Use it for FREE! Yes, if you have a computer/laptop with a microphone, and speaker, and a good Internet connection, you can communicate using VoIP for free. VoIP service providers such as Skype is allowing free calls using PC. You can even talk for free with your mobile, tablet, and home phone, if they have Internet functionality. 

Make VoIP call everywhere. You can use this technology for making free or cheap calls at home, work, corporate network, during travel, and even on beach and mountain! Turn on your 3G over mobile network and enjoy cheap calling on-the-go!

There is a flat monthly fee structure for most of the Internet connections. One can use the same Internet connection for both data traffic and voice calls, which allow consumers to get rid of one monthly phone bill.

Trend:

VoIP is relatively new technology and it has achieved wide acceptance and use. Nowadays, VoIP support is available on many smartphones and Internet enabled devices to let users make phone calls over 3G and Wi-Fi. Making VoIP call is relatively cheaper than that of traditional phone calls. Even one can enjoy calling free over the Internet Protocol. Therefore, there is no denying fact that VoIP technology is trending! 

Skype has captured a good market share. It is the most popular VoIP service provider, which allows free calls using PC. It is also providing paid services over the IP at very reasonable pricing. 

VoIP calls seem thrilling when you consider international calls. Communication costs on international calls can be cut down by 90%.  Thanks to VoIP!

Challenges:

Of course, no blessing comes with all fruit juices. So, there are some obstacles associated with VoIP technology, along with numerous advantages. Its increasing worldwide uses have raised the concern of regulation and security. 

Vulnerable to attacks: VoIP telephone systems are vulnerable to attacks as are any Internet-connected devices. Hackers can harvest customer data, record conversations and break into voice mailboxes.  Therefore, a secure and standardized protocol is very necessary for secure calls. Most of the difficulties lie in creating secure connection. It is necessary to encrypt and authenticate the data stream. 

Routing VoIP traffic: Routing VoIP traffic through firewall and network address translator is another challenge. Network routers handle traffic on a first-come, first-served basis. Network routers on high volume traffic links is expected to introduce latency. Skype uses a proprietary protocol to route calls through other Skype peers on the network. Therefore, Skype is safer option to a greater extent, for using VoIP service. 

Note: In order to avert the security concerns, government and military organizations are using voice over secure IP (VoSIP), secure voice over IP (SVoIP), and secure voice over secure IP (SVoSIP) to protect confidential VoIP communications. Secure voice over IP is accomplished by encrypting VoIP with Type 1 encryption. 

Power back-up: Traditional telephone system are usually connected directly to telephone company phone lines, which provide direct current to basic analog handset. There is no need of independent availability of power locally. While an IP telephone adapters connect to router or cable modem, which depends on the availability local electricity. However, some VoIP service providers use customer premise equipment with battery-backed power supplies to assure uninterrupted service for up to several hours in case of local power failures.

Not reliable for emergency calls: Making an emergency call in emergency hour may not be possible. The nature of IP creates difficulty to locate network geographically and make emergency calls. Sometimes, VoIP systems route emergency calls to a non-emergency phone line at the intended department. 

Conclusion:

In a country like India, where Internet is not in reach of every head, the concept of VoIP seems not very practical. But it is a blessing for the urban populations, who are in reach of Internet and can enjoy the fruit of VoIP to curtail the phone bills. For international call, VoIP can be very hopeful as international call rate is very costly through traditional telephone system, PSTN (public switched telephone network).

HDMI - Have Great Multimedia Experience

HDMI - the standard audio and video connection for high-definition home theater gear. In simple words, it is single cable solution for HD video and surround sound audio.

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is an interface standard for transmission of encrypted uncompressed digital audio/video data from one equipment to another equipment. HDMI cables connect the interfaces between the devices and are capable of carrying1080p HD video signals at 60fps, which is the most bandwidth hungry video format currently available. Also it can transmit signals in 480p format and NTSC and PAL formats. HDMI cable can carry a bandwidth of 5 Gbps (gigabits per second).

HDMI connector types:

There are five types of HDMI connectors:

Type A – It is HDMI version 1.0. It has 19 pins with bandwidth to support SDTV, EDTV, and HDTV. Outside dimensions are 13.9 mm × 4.45 mm and inside dimensions are 14 mm × 4.55 mm. It is electrically compatible with single-link DVI-D.

Type B – It has 29 pins and is capable of carrying double the video bandwidth of type A as it is electrically compatible with dual-link DVI-D. Till date, no device has used the interface and is designed for use with very high-resolution future displays. HDMI Type B is targeted for the motion picture industry and other professional applications. It is also HDMI version 1.0.

Type C – It is HDMI version 1.3. It is a mini connector and is designed for portable devices. It is smaller than the Type A plug connector with the same 19-pin configuration but pin assignment is different. However, type C mini connector can be connected to a Type A connector using a Type A to Type C cable

Type D – It is HDMI version 1.4. It is a macro connector with 19 pins as that of Type A and Type C but shrink connector size, which resembles a micro-USB connector. Its dimensions are 2.8 mm × 6.4 mm (micro-USB connector - 2.94 mm × 7.8 mm).

Type E – It is automotive connection system, which is HDMI version 1.4.

Note: HDMI Type A and HDMI Type B are "Intelligent HDMI," referring to the built-in capability for HDMI-enabled components to talk to each other via the interface.

HDMI version journey:

With HDMI 1.1, it started support for DVD audio.

With HDMI 1.2 modifications, there was an increase in HDMI’s appeal for use in CE and PC industries. It gave support for One Bit Audio format, such as SuperAudio CD's DSD and offered better support for current and future PCs with HDMI outputs.

HDMI 1.3 increases its single-link bandwidth to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support the demands of future HD display devices. HDMI 1.3 supports 10-bit, 12-bit and 16-bit (RGB or YCbCr) color depths, up from the 8-bit depths in previous versions of the HDMI specification. It offered a smaller form factor connector option, which is suitable for portable devices. It adds additional support for new lossless compressed digital audio formats Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.

HDMI cables:

HDMI cable is a wire with HDMI interfaces at the both end for transmission of compressed digital data. There is no fixed length for an HDMI cable. However, cable length should not run longer than 16 feet (5 meters), or degradation of the signal could occur.

There are two cable categories for HDMI 1.3 – Category 1-certified cables, tested to perform at speed of up to 74.5 MHz/2.25Gbps, which is the equivalent of a 720p60 and 1080i60 signal and Category 2-certified cable, tested to perform at speeds of up to 340Mhz /10.2Gbps, which is equivalent of a 1080p60 and 2160p30 signal. 

Cables of about 5 meters (16 ft) are manufactured to Category 1 using 28 AVG.  An HDMI cable can reach lengths of up to 15 meters (49ft) with better quality construction and materials, including 24 AWG conductors.

HDMI cables under 5 meters (16ft) of length that were made before the HDMI 1.3 specification can work as Category 2 cables.

Category 1 HDMI cables are marketed as ‘Standard’ and Category 2 HDMI cables as ‘High Speed’.

Note: Only Category 2-tested cables are guaranteed to work.

Advantages of HDMI over traditional analog video interfaces

Quality: With analog video interfaces such as composite, S-Video and component video, a digital source is translated into less precise analog and sent to the television, and then the content is converted back to a digital signal to display on screen. With each conversion, the digital signal loses some integrity, which results into some distortion of picture quality. HDMI preserves the source signal and delivers the sharpest, richest picture possible as it does not undergo analog conversions.

Ease-of-use: Earlier video interfaces required separate audio cables. Most of the people used standard RCA L/R analog audio jacks for transmission of audio. HDMI has abundant bandwidth and speed and it carries not only video but also up to eight digital audio channels for uncompromised surround-sound.

Compactness: HDMI replaces the mesh of wires with a single cable. 19 wires are wrapped in a single cable, which resembles a USB cable. It simplifies cabling and provides high quality home theatre experience by delivering crystal-clear digital content. 

HDMI supports standard video formats, enhanced video and high-definition.

Things to know

·         Digital connectors such as DVI and HDMI surfaced with the advent of digital TV and introduction of HDTV services.  

·         HDMI delivers the best image quality. It can handle HD video of up to 1080p resolution at 60 fps- highest bandwidth-intensive video format currently available. The older PC-based DVI connection offers equivalent quality, but it is rarely available on HDTVs or video components these days.

·         HDMI is the king for audio quality. It supports the ability to carry eight channels of 24-bit audio at 192 kHz, which is enough to handle even the highest resolution audio soundtracks such as Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio. Other connection types that can deliver the same quality are multichannel analog audio cables with eight separate cables, and HDMI can do with single cable only.

·         All HDMI versions are fully backward compatible with all previous versions.

·         HDMI is fully backward compatible with DVI (Digital Video Interface) compliant devices. High-end graphics cards featuring a DVI port can connect to a HDMI interface via a DVI/HDMI cable (a cable with a DVI connector on one end and a HDMI connector on the other).  However, some older PCs with DVI are designed only to support computer monitors, not televisions. Consumers buying a PC with DVI should make sure that it specifically includes support for television formats and not just computer monitors.

·         All HDMI products are required to be certified by the manufacturer as part of the HDMI Compliance Test Specification. HDMI Licensing, LLC actively investigates these instances to ensure that the HDMI trademark is properly used in the market. About 700 companies have become the adopters of HDMI standard. Consumers should buy their cables from a reputable source and a company that is trusted.

Why VGA or Composite Cable can’t work?

VGA and Composite video can transmit analog video signals only.  They work great for CRT screens and are not preferable for newer LCD screens. Even though many current LCD TVs and computer monitors accept VGA input, they deliver best result with DVI or HDMI (digital connector).

Why HDMI overcomes DVI?

DVI doesn’t support HDCP encryption by default and HDMI supports HDCP encryption for the newest HD content. So, if your hardware only includes DVI ports, you may not be able to playback full HD Blu-rays and other HD content. However, you can connect DVI to an HDMI port on a newer monitor with a small digital convertor.  DVI cable doesn’t support audio, so you’ll need to use a separate cable for audio when connecting to an HDMI port while HDMI cables can stream digital video and audio simultaneously over the same cable. 

However, DVI is one of the most versatile newer connectors.  DVI is both backward and forward compatible, undoubtedly with some inconvenience.  One can connect an older monitor with a VGA port with a DVI port easily via a similar DVI to VGA converter if video output supports analog video. One can also connect the DVI compatible device with a HDMI via a DVI to HDMI converter.

HDMI is DVI with the addition of features:

a) Support for audio of up to 8-channels uncompressed

b) Smaller connector

c) Support for YUV Color Space

d) CEC -Consumer Electronics Control

e) CEA-861B InfoFrames

Conclusion: HDMI is the best standard for digital multimedia interface. It’s default connector on most devices and screens. It is compatible with HD content including HDCP protected Blu-ray, and can carry video, audio, and more all on single cable. 

Some of the phones and tablets, which support HDMI standard are LG Optimus 3D P920, BlackBery PlayBook, and Motorola Xoom.

Navigate smartly with your Android!

No matter whether you are a leisure traveller or a daily commuter, just one wrong turn can make your day go awry, especially if you are on a really tight schedule. Carrying a GPS device for navigation is not always possible and in fact quite old-fashioned too when you have a latest Android device in your hands. Most of the smartphones come with GPS reciever inbuilt nowadays, so using one for navigation is a natural extension of one's functionality anyway. Though there are detractors too, who still view smartphone navigation apps with suspicion, still trusting their good old GPS device over smartphones. Searching Android market for navigational apps throws dozens of options at you. So, we tried to analyse some of the best navigation apps available for Android devices out there.

Google Maps Navigation (Free)

 

Google Maps is among the top free navigation apps available for Android today. Backed by terabytes of data Google maps have been generating for quite a few years now, Google navigation app is naturally become incredibly accurate. 3D navigation, the new buzzword among navigation apps which enables you to navigate though the maze of roads by generating a 3D map of the route was first implemented by Google Maps only. The application comes preinstalled on most of the Android devices as part of Google App suite. Top features include live traffic data, location bookmarks, satellite view, search along route and Google's killer Street View.

Navfree (Free)

Navfree is another free navigation app available on Android Market offering turn-by-turn directions, spoken and on-screen instructions, offline map use and address search and live search via Google and Microsoft Bing, among many other features.

Maps can be downloaded for free from Navfree storea and the data is stored in your device itself, making the app useful in areas with limited data connectivity. The app has a huge fanbase already with more than 4,00,000 downloads. Other features of Navfee include live map display, user friendly interface, fast routing engine and destination and PoI search.

Waze (Free)

 

Waze is a unique navigation app which gels social networking with navigation, making it a fun filled experience. The app lets you post the roadside events giving other Waze users heads up about waht to expect on the route real-time, saving you precious time and burns less fuel, with latter more important nowadays given rising fuel cost and rising global warming!

Waze is as interactive as you want it to be - by simply driving with the app open on your phone, you passively contribute traffic and other road data. For example, the app can calculate the vehicle speed and automatically detects traffic jams if the vehicle is moving very slowly for prolonged periods. You can also post your comment on Facebook and Twitter directly from the app interface.

Sygic: GPS navigation (paid)

 

Sygic is a premium navigation app available on Android Market to download for free (With 7 day trial). The app is around 6 MB download and after installing it, users must download the maps, which are stored on SD card for offline usage. The app comes with strong navigation features like 3D view, real-time traffic updates, dynamic lane guidance, speed limit display and audio warningand lets you save routes frequently used by you.

NDrive (paid)

 

NDrive is another paid navigation app for Android. The USP of NDrive is its lightning fast route calculation times and clean UI, which for slower phones. The app is powered by latest maps from NAVTEQ and NDrive, professionally enhanced routing algorithms makes route calculation and navigation a breeze. Other features include real time traffic, Facebook sharing and Foursquare check-in, streaming weather, and more. 


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Mobile Phones – A Move Towards Eco-friendly World

Mobile phone is indeed one of the smaller electronic devices we use in day to day life; but it has created sizable challenge to the environment. With the increase in mobile penetration and tempting technologies that force existing phone users to change their handset before its end-of-life, the number of mobile phone sold around the world per year is exploding. If we talk of India, 657 mobile devices were launched in India in 2011 alone. If you take it on the global ground, the figure would be really very high.

The research has shown that the footprint of creating a mobile phone may be small, but the cumulative effect is quite significant on a global scale. Mobile phones are made from a range of substances that are harmful, if the devices are not disposed properly. Metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium - used in manufacturing mobile phones cause adverse effect to the environment. These substances can cause cancer and other disorders in humans. They have a devastating impact, if they are released into the environment.

Keeping corporate responsibility to environment, the major manufacturers such as Motorola, LG, Sony Ericsson and Philips, have implemented eco-design aspects into their production lines. They are now making devices with substances that are less hazardous. Nokia has decided not to make products with substances that come under EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS). The RoHS Directive bans six substances (lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB and PDBE) from products that are either made or sold in the EU.

Another EU law, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive is being rolled out across the 25-nation bloc to reduce the environment impact of mobile phones.

Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KETI) - carbon labeling certification for electronics was established in February 2009 to protect the Earth. It certified SamsungGalaxy Tab 10.1 last August for not emitting much carbon to the environment. Recently, Samsung Galaxy Note received an eco-friendly carbon labeling certification in Korea by the KETI. Samsung Galaxy Note doesn’t use any anti-environmental chemical materials like Halogen flame retardant, beryllium, PVC. The carbon labeling scheme is a system to check greenhouse gas emissions of a product in the whole process from development to production and distribution, usage to disposal. After getting such certification for Samsung Galaxy Note, Samsung said that they would continue to comply with environment-friendly policies and will continue to develop low-carbon, eco-friendly products.

To make our Earth a better place to live, each country should restrict selling of products that are not compliant with RoHS. Selling of non eco-friendly mobile phones should not be allowed. Each country should fabricate a carbon labeling certification for electronic devices, like KETI in Korea.

Mobile Phone Processors

The world “cellphone” is no longer unfamiliar to us. We know how much importance this little device has gained in our lives. When it comes to buying a cellphone, we fancy of owning the trendiest device available in market. We would hunt for a phone with highest camera megapixels, most stable operating system, and best of applications available. But, how many of us pay attention to the processor embedded inside the cellphone? In case you don’t know, processor is an intricate yet an integral part of a smartphone.

The processor inside a mobile phone is as important as the operating system it runs on. Because most of us are not aware of the tasks a processor performs, we tend to overlook it. A bunch of smartphones is already out there in market and some will be launched soon, so what will be your deciding factor while buying a mobile phone? What is it that makes one mobile phone better than the other? And answer is, the small processor present inside the phone. It is the processor that can turn your cellphone into a powerful device.

Snapdragon, ARM Cortex, Nvidia Tegra, are some common names when it comes to mobile phone CPUs. But, there's definitely more to explore about these processors and how one is more powerful or better than the other. Let's try to understand the nitty-gritty of the mobile CPUs.

System-on-Chip

Cell phones have a SoC (System-on-Chip), which is an integrated circuit consisting processor, memory blocks, GPU, and other peripherals. You cannot restrict yourself when it comes to exploring the world of mobile SoCs. Every processor manufacturer has its own philosophy when it comes to designing a chip.

ARM, is the leading name in designing and licensing processors for mobile devices. Companies like Samsung & Texas Instruments use the ARM architecture and ARM instruction set to design a compelling processor around it. Whereas, Qualcomm has gone out-of-league by following the ARM instruction set but designing a custom SoC named Snapdragon.

The ARM Architecture

ARM owns licenses for the technology that is behind SoCs. The company offers license of CPU architecture as well as ARM instructions that can be used in a processor of a mobile device. Most of the mobile phone manufacturers purchase ARM instructions and CPU architecture to build a SoC around it. Some modifications are also done to make the SoC meet device requirements.

Samsung and Texas Instruments for example have tweaked the ARM CPU architecture & instructions set for creating SoC for their smartphones. However, Qualcomm has only taken the ARM instructions and has built custom processor architecture for Snapdragon. The Scorpion processor of Qualcomm’s Snapdragon family uses ARMv7 instructions and is known for overpowering the limitations that Cortex-A8 has.

The 45nm & 65nm Manufacturing Technology

45nm & 65nm are sizes of the microscopic transistors that make up the CPU. Lesser the size of the transistor, more the number of transistors that can be fitted on the CPU board. There are various benefits of having smaller sized transistors:

• More transistors can be fitted onto a chip, if their size is small. It means more implications can be made to the device.
• Small transistors consume fewer watts and won’t get hot. It gives mobile device the ability to run at higher clock rate without draining-out the battery.

Number of CPU Cores

Number of cores in the CPU plays a crucial role in defining its performance. If your mobile phone has a dual-core processor, it will be faster than a single core processor phone because the work will be divided between both the cores. But, dual-core devices consume more battery.

Qualcomm Snapdragon

Snapdragon doesn’t use the ARM architecture and has designed core Scorpion processor based on ARMv7 instruction set with features similar to ARM Cortex-A8. The first generation of Snapdragon processor with 65nm transistors was embedded in Nexus One and HTC HD2. Snapdragon has now come-up with 45nm technology Snapdragon chips in HTC Desire HD, Thunderbolt. More transistors mean improved performance.

SoCs from Qualcomm come with GPS and cellular antennas. Since all the additional components are in one package, phones can be built more easily and will be sleeker.

Samsung Hummingbird

Samsung first debuted its Hummingbird processor in Galaxy S. It has 45nm ARM Cortex-A8 architecture, which makes it better than Cortex-A7 architecture based processors. Another USP of Hummingbird is the ARMNEON multimedia extension.

NEON technology accelerates the multimedia & signal processing algorithms in the Hummingbird processor. This result in improved video encoding/decoding, 2D/3D graphics, audio & speech processing, gaming, telephony, and image processing.Hummingbird has outclassed Snapdragon by rendering over 90 million triangles per second.

Nvidia Tegra 2

The second generation Tegra SoC from Nvidia is based on the dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 architecture. Since Cortex-A9 uses 40nm manufacturing technology, the density of transistor on the chip will be higher than A-8 based chips and it will result in enhanced performance plus low battery consumption. Nvidia has prefered sticking to ARMv7 instructions set in the Tegra 2 processor.

Nvidia has used it's custom designed GEForce Ultra Low Voltage (ULV) chip named 8 core GPU in Tegra 2 processor, which has following benefits:

• Graphics performance is better than PowerVR SGX540 GPU (the one found in BlackBerry Playbook) performance.
• The GEForce GPU supports HDMI output.

Motorola Atrix and Xoom tablet were the first few launches with Tegra 2 processor.

Apple A5

The SoC designed by Apple and manfuactured by Samsung, Apple A5 is based on ARM Cortex-A9 architecture & is a competitor of Tegra 2 processor. Minimum size of transistor is 45nm. The Apple A5 comes with NEON SIMD accelerator, which adds-on to the graphic performance of the mobile device. The CPU is said to be twice as powerful & GPU is seven times as powerful as its predecessor, Apple A4.

Conclusion

The competition is tough and it's going to get tougher in the near future. Qualcomm has adopted a different path by creating Snapdragon, a processor with an all new architecture but ARMv7 instruction set. It is said that Scorpion CPU has approximate 5% improvement in the per clock cycle ratio over the ARM Cortex-A8 based processors. One more reason for why manufacturers love Qualcomm is the integration of GPS & cellular network support in the SoC. This gives freedom to phone manufacturers to design a more compact phone or add additional features in the device.

Samsung hired a semiconductor company, Intrinsity to customize the ARM Cortex-A8 architecture in Hummingbird. The effort has resulted in 5-10% performance improvement in their CPU.

So, what are the thinks geeks are looking for in the future mobile SoCs?

• It's time for SoC makers to switch to Cortex-A9 design architecture. Presented as the next-generation processor architecture, it can improve the device performance by up to 25%.
• It is easily noticeable that transistor size results in significant improvement in terms of power efficiency & performance of device. We expect future processors to come with 45nm if not 28nm technology. The 45nm dual-core Snapdragon processor is said to consume 30% less power, which means that even a 1.5GHz SoC with 45nm technology draws the same amount of power consumed by 65nm 1GHz SoC.

Previous year was all about mobile phone operating systems and phone makers have done a great job. Gadgeteers are expecting 2012 to be the year of processors. Mobile processing unit makers are working hard to come-up with powerful devices that will have significant contribution in transforming the world of cellphones.